Association Between PA And BMI On Teenagers †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Association Between PA And BMI On Teenagers. Answer: Introduction According to a study there has been an increase in obesity and overweight people in developed countries of the world (1). The increase in obesity is related to hypertension, diabetes, increase in depression, decrease in the quality of life as well as decrease in self-esteem of the people. Physical activity has been found to be an effective mechanism in weight control strategies. Besides decreasing the weight of the practitioner, physical activity has also been found to be effective in controlling type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer. Studies suggest that high BMI contributes to the majority of the diseases in Australia (2). Higher levels of BMI has been found to be related to numerous diseases. A higher or lower level of BMI reflects disproportionate use of energy intake and expenditure. Longitudinal studies have found that women who carry out regular physical activity have a healthy BMI. Besides there is also a decrease in obesity of the women who maintain regular physical activity. The study suggested that 150 to 300 minutes of regular moderate intensity physical activity to obtain most advantageous health benefits. Research Question Is there any association between Physical Activity and BMI of teenagers? Statement of the Problem The study is to explore the effect of varied physical activities like swim freestyle for 30 min and run outdoor for 1km on the BMI of a teenager. Objective of the study To determine the effect of Physical Activity on the BMI of a teenager. Operational Definition Teenage : of or relating to the time in a person's life between the ages of 13 and 19 inclusive. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/teenage Physical Activity : According to WHO the cardio respiratory fitness of a person depends on the level of physical activity of the person (3). A person can achieve a higher level of physical fitness with exercise. Moreover, the muscular strength of an individual increases with levels of physical activity. The benefits of physical activity are less adiposity and increased bone mineral density. Physical inactivity has been found to be fourth major cause for mortality. WHO recommends 300 minutes of moderate or 150 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise. Aerobic exercises have been found to be the best form of physical activity. Physical activity performed more than 3 times in a week strengthens muscles and bones. It has also been found that regular physical activity is helpful in the prevention of Non-communicable diseases. BMI : The BMI of a person is the ratio of weight in kilograms to the square of the height in meters (4). It is generally used as a measure of the obesity of a body. The higher the BMI the more obese a person is. Thus it can be assumed that a person with high BMI is physically inactive. Methods For the present study teenage adults were selected from the islands. Non random sampling procedure was selected for the study. Teenagers who regularly run for 1km or swim freestyle for 30 minutes regularly were selected as part of the study. Teenagers who were willing to participate in the study were approached to be a part of the study. The age group of interest were teenagers of the township. The residents of the town were reached through online surveys. A minimum sample of 40 was taken as ideal. The teenagers were divided into two groups. One of the groups had those teenagers who regularly run for 1km. The other group contained teenagers who regularly swim for 30 minutes. The height and weight of the teenagers were taken. Thus the BMI of the teenagers were calculated. The variables and their measure: Variable Name Type Role Level Codes Measure Name Nominal Explanatory Name Self-Report Age Continuous Explanatory Years Self-Report Gender Nominal Explanatory Male / Female Self-Report Height Continuous Explanatory Meters Self-Report Weight Continuous Explanatory Kg Self-Report Physical Activity Categorical Explanatory Categorical Self-Report BMI Continuous Explanatory Kg/ m2 Calculated Procedure For the present research 5-6 questions were used. The consent of the teenagers was taken to be part of the study. A pilot study was taken to check for the time to be consumed for the cost of the study as well as effectiveness of the study. The age and gender of the participants was taken into consideration. The participants were divided on the basis of the physical activity the teenagers participate in regularly. The height and weight of the teenagers was measured. The BMI of the teenagers was calculated. Sample Size A minimum sample size of 40 from the island was taken as ideal. The teenagers was grouped on the basis of the regular physical activity - Runs Outdoor 1Km or Swim Freestyle for 30mins the teenagers undertake. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in BMI for teenagers taking different Physical Activity. Alternate Hypothesis: There is difference in BMI for teenagers taking different Physical Activity. Tools of Data A spreadsheet was used to collect the data. The data can be grouped into basically two broad divisions Socio demographic profile of the teenagers Name, Age, Gender and House Number of the participants. Variables Height, Weight and Physical Activity. Data Collection The data was collected from the island. Ethical considerations The teenagers were required to provide written consent for the participation in the research. Results: Descriptive Statistics For the present research two different physical activities was considered. The physical activities being considered were Runs Outdoor 1Km and Swim Freestyle for 30mins. Analysis of the data showed that there were 20 teenagers who run outdoor 1 km regularly while there were 29 teenagers who swim for 30 minutes regularly. The average BMI of Swimmers (22.22 kg/m2) was higher than those of runners (20.74kg/m2). The standard deviation in the BMI of swimmers (2.65 kg/m2) was found to be higher than those of swimmers (3.06 kg/m2). The minimum BMI was lower for swimmers (15.33 kg/m2) as compared to those of Runners (16.65 kg/m2). The maximum BMI was lower for runners (27.68 kg/m2) as compared to those of swimmers (27.79 kg/m2). Moreover, the BMI of 50% of those who run for 1km outdoor was less than 20.11 kg/m2. In addition, the BMI of 50% of swim freestyle for 30 mins was less than 22.42 kg/m2. Further the analysis of the data shows those who run for 1km outdoor their BMI are skewed right. On the other the teenagers who swim freestyle for 30 mins the BMI is normally distributed, although there are some teenagers whose BMI is either very high or very low. From the hypothesis it is seen that the t-value (47) = -1.800, p-value = 0.078. Since the p-value is more 0.05, level of significance, hence we do not reject the Null Hypothesis. Thus there is no difference in the average BMI of runners (20.74 kg/m2) and swimmers (22.22 kg/m2). Discussion The analysis of the data shows that there is no difference in the BMI of the teenagers doing different physical activity. The results of the study are in conjunction with previous studies done. Various types of Physical activities can be undertaken by teenagers to maintain a active healthy life and reduce BMI. The researched suffered from a number of limitations. The teenagers for the study were selected through the process of non-random sampling. Only those teenagers were selected who either regularly participated in running outdoors for 1Km or swim freestyle for 30mins. References Van Dyck D, Cerin E, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Hinckson E, Reis RS, Davey R, Sarmiento OL, Mitas J, Troelsen J, MacFarlane D, Salvo D. International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study. International journal of obesity. 2015 Feb 1;39(2):199-207. Pavey TG, Peeters GG, Gomersall SR, Brown WJ. Long-term effects of physical activity level on changes in healthy body mass index over 12 years in young adult women. InMayo Clinic Proceedings 2016 Jun 30 (Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 735-744). Elsevier. World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2010. Patton KT, Thibodeau GA. Anatomy Physiology-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.